Intercountry feedback and spillover effects within the international supply and use framework: a Bayesian perspective*

This paper proposes a new framework for the estimation of product-level global and interregional feedback and spillover (FS) factor multipliers. The framework is directly based on interregional supply and use tables (SUTs) that could be rectangular and gives a possibility of taking account of the inherent input–output data uncertainty problems. A Bayesian econometric approach is applied to the framework using the first version of international SUTs in the World Input–Output Database. The obtained estimates of the global and intercountry FS output effects are discussed and presented at the world, country and product levels for the period of 1995–2009.     

兼并模式下再制造O2O供应链运作决策研究

零售商之间的兼并普遍存在于商业活动中,涉及两种情景下的O2O(online to offline)供应链决策模型:兼并前,制造商提供一种产品(包括新产品和再制造品)给两个零售商(模型P);兼并后,制造商将此产品批发给一个更强大的双线经营的零售商(模型M)。研究表明:模型P中新产品数量低于模型M,但再制造品数量高于模型M;与模型P相比,模型M提高了双线经营的零售商的经济效益,但削减了制造商和产业的利润。     

发展竞争、土地供应策略互动与城市用地增长——基于252个城市数据的空间面板模型实证检验

研究目的：针对发展竞争驱动下产生的地方政府土地供应策略，从空间维度上展开进一步分析，解析城市土地供应行为中存在着怎样的空间互动关系。研究方法：运用2007—2017年的城市层面面板数据和空间计量模型进行了实证检验。研究结果：（1）服务于发展竞争的土地供应策略，对本城市和周边城市的用地增长都会产生影响；（2）工业用地价格波动与商住用地价格波动都会产生空间溢出效应，且前者产生的空间溢出效应更强；（3）工业用地价格存在“竞次式”的城市间互动，其价格增长会显著抑制本城市的用地扩张，但会促进周边城市的用地增长；（4）商住用地价格提升会促进本城市用地扩张，并抑制周边城市用地扩张；（5）作为因变量的城市用地规模，在同省/异省的城市间分别存在着“彼此促进”和“此消彼长”两种互动关系。研究结论：区域协调、用地增长两个方面要紧密结合，针对工业用地价格“竞次式”竞争和商住用地价格高价出让，从城市间关系协调入手进行调控政策的设计与创新。     

Farm and farmer characteristics and off‐farm work: evidence from Algeria

Off‐farm work is a widespread, two‐edged, phenomenon that can help both the survival and the demise of small‐ and medium‐sized agricultural exploitations. Given the prevalence of poverty in rural areas, nonfarm income has been credited with helping farmers to survive. But the observed shrinking of rural areas has also raised the question of whether off‐farm work is pulling farmers permanently away from farming. This paper explores the impact of farmer characteristics on the decision to work off‐farm in developing countries where this phenomenon has been largely neglected. A review of theory and prior empirical work suggests four main hypotheses which we test empirically. The results suggest that while some farmer characteristics appear to be universal, others appear to be country‐ or culture‐specific.     

标识解析与区块链技术在供应链管理上的集成应用

供应链成员彼此间的信息可信共享是实现供应链"四流合一"发展模式的技术基础.通过对传统供应链管理存在的诸多痛点进行分析,将工业互联网标识解析体系和区块链技术进行集成应用到供应链管理领域,形成一种新型的供应链管理解决方案.方案采用标识解析体系将供应链各信息流的异构数据统一映射到资源池,依托区块链技术去中心化及数据不可篡改等特点,将资源池标识数据进行分配及管理,保证供应链标识数据的安全存储与解析,构建互信共赢的供应链生态体系,实现产业链上下游企业协同.     

产业互联下基于双循环的供应链合作稳定性研究

以一条由制造商和零售商组成的二级供应链为研究对象,通过测算产业互联度与双循环程度,研究对供应链合作稳定性的影响.研究发现:在国内环境中,产业互联度与内循环程度呈正比关系,产业互联度越高,内循环程度越高;内循环度程度提高,内需扩大,供应链上的企业选择合作时的整体收益要大于不合作时的收益,因此达到供应链长期稳定合作.通过从国内角度寻找出的规律应用于国际供应链中,为企业参与全球经济提供启示.     

从疫情看中美关系:表现、原因及对策

在2020年暴发的新冠肺炎疫情中,中美本应借机缓和前期的贸易冲突危机,但美国不仅没有缓和与中国的关系,反而从医疗产品进口、供应链转移、舆论战等方面,加大与中国的分歧,这背后的原因包括:美国对中国的战略打压、借机转移国内矛盾、中美发展模式之争,以及科技竞争加剧等。为此,本文建议中美之间增进相互信任,中国应谨防陷入美国的话语陷阱,专注于解决自身国内问题,以及加强底线思维,做好最坏打算。     

Labor issues and COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted Canada and several other countries to impose an economic shutdown to prevent a deadly public health crisis from becoming much deadlier. In the agriculture and food sector, several hundred thousand restaurant workers have lost their jobs. The rise in unemployment, the closing of restaurants and schools, and social distancing have triggered demand reductions for certain commodities and foods and demand increases for others, bringing along changes in demand for inputs including labor. Canadian employers of temporary foreign workers (TFWs) are facing delays and additional constraints in recruiting, but so have US and European employers of TFWs. Rising food security concerns are making protectionist trade policies popular. Domestic and foreign firms may export less and do more foreign direct investment, inducing trade in jobs.     

Impacts of trade liberalization in Canada's supply managed dairy industry

Trade is an integral part of the Canadian economy. The main institutional drivers governing trade are bilateral and multilateral agreements outlining permissible trade distorting measures. Since its inception in 1972, Canada's supply management system has remained protected throughout trade negotiations. The system appears, by any economic measure, to be having an increasingly disproportional influence in recent trade negotiations. However, trade agreements serve not only to maximize social surplus, but also to maximize some measure of political welfare. Canada has recently negotiated three prominent trade agreements: the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) came into effect in the latter part of 2017; the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) came into effect at the end of 2018; and the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) could come into effect in 2020. Collectively, these agreements have guaranteed increased market access for fresh and processed dairy products. We build a spatial partial equilibrium model of the Canadian dairy industry consisting of three regions and 10 commodities to assess the individual and cumulative effect of these trade agreements. We pay particular attention to the institutional drivers within today's dairy sector: milk protein isolates; component pricing, including Class 7; and differential demand growth. We find that the aggregate impacts are: (a) a 1.4% decrease in the marginal retail price; (b) a 4.8% decrease in the blended producer price; and (c) an overall increase in social welfare of 7.8%. Worth noting, the decrease in producer surplus varies from 0.7% in the western region to 1.5% in Ontario. Our results may be relevant to future negotiations as well as the publicly promised compensation package for dairy producers.     

The impact of RFID adoption on donor subsidy through for-profit and not-for-profit newsvendor: Implications for Indian Public Distribution system

Subsidy programs are sponsored by government and international agencies to improve affordability and accessibility of food and health products for socially deprived community. Although the donors in such programs allocate substantial resources to fund subsidies, a lot of it is wasted due to the inefficiency in the system arising out of product shrinkage and misplacement. This study analyzes the impact of private participation and advanced technology like RFID adoption on the donor subsidy under target consumption level. We formulate the problem as a donor funding the subsidy program through for-profit/not-for-profit newsvendor and compare the equivalent subsidy per consumption with and without RFID. We perform numerical analysis, collecting data from the public distribution system of India, and the results indicate that, unless the for-profit firm operates under a substantially reduced level of shrinkage and misplacement, the donor should always prefer a not-for-profit firm for program implementation. We also observe that among all the scenarios, a not-for-profit firm with advanced technology like RFID requires minimum donor subsidy to generate the target expected consumption.